Chifukwa m'munsi zinthu zoipa monga phulusa, nayitrogeni, ndi sulfure mu zotsalira zazomera poyerekeza ndi mchere mphamvu, ali ndi makhalidwe a nkhokwe lalikulu, ntchito mpweya wabwino, poyatsira mosavuta, ndi mkulu kosakhazikika zigawo zikuluzikulu.Chifukwa chake, biomass ndimafuta abwino kwambiri amafuta ndipo ndioyenera kutembenuza ndikugwiritsa ntchito.Phulusa lotsalira pambuyo pa kuyaka kwa biomass lili ndi michere yambiri yomwe imafunikira ku zomera monga phosphorous, calcium, potaziyamu, ndi magnesium, kotero imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati feteleza pobwerera kumunda.Poganizira za nkhokwe zazikuluzikulu komanso zabwino zomwe zingangowonjezedwanso za biomass energy, pakadali pano ikuwoneka ngati chisankho chofunikira pakukula kwa mphamvu zatsopano zadziko ndi mayiko padziko lonse lapansi.National Development and Reform Commission of China yanena momveka bwino mu "Implementation Plan for Utilization of Crop Utilization of Crop Utilization during 12th Five Year Plan" kuti udzu wogwiritsidwa ntchito bwino udzafika 75% pofika 2013, ndipo yesetsani kupitirira 80% 2015.
Momwe mungasinthire mphamvu ya biomass kukhala mphamvu yapamwamba, yaukhondo, komanso yabwino yakhala vuto lomwe likuyenera kuthetsedwa.Ukadaulo wa biomass densification ndi njira imodzi yolimbikitsira pakuwotcha mphamvu ya biomass ndikuwongolera mayendedwe.Pakalipano, pali mitundu inayi yodziwika bwino ya zida zodzikongoletsera m'misika yapakhomo ndi yakunja: makina ozungulira a spiral extrusion particle, piston stamping particle machine, lathyathyathya nkhungu tinthu makina, ndi mphete nkhungu tinthu makina.Pakati pawo, mphete nkhungu pellet makina chimagwiritsidwa ntchito chifukwa cha makhalidwe ake monga palibe chifukwa Kutentha pa ntchito, zofunika lonse zopangira chinyezi okhutira (10% mpaka 30%), lalikulu limodzi makina linanena bungwe, mkulu psinjika kachulukidwe, ndi zabwino. kupanga zotsatira.Komabe, mitundu iyi yamakina a pellet nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi zoyipa monga kuvala kosavuta kwa nkhungu, moyo waufupi wautumiki, ndalama zolipirira zokwera, komanso kusintha kovutirapo.Poyankha zofooka zomwe zili pamwambazi za makina a pellet mold mold, wolembayo wapanga mawonekedwe atsopano owongolera pamapangidwe a nkhungu, ndipo adapanga mtundu wamtundu womwe umapanga nkhungu yokhala ndi moyo wautali wautumiki, mtengo wotsika wokonza, komanso kukonza bwino.Pakadali pano, nkhaniyi idachita kusanthula kwamakina kupanga nkhungu panthawi yogwira ntchito.
1. Kupititsa patsogolo Mapangidwe a Kupanga Nkhungu Mapangidwe a Ring Mold Granulator
1.1 Chiyambi cha Njira Yopangira Ma Extrusion:The mphete kufa pellet makina akhoza kugawidwa mu mitundu iwiri: ofukula ndi yopingasa, malingana ndi udindo wa mphete kufa;Malingana ndi mawonekedwe a kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka anthu.Mapangidwe opangidwa bwinowa makamaka umalimbana ndi mphete nkhungu tinthu tinthu makina ndi yogwira kuthamanga wodzigudubuza ndi yokhazikika mphete nkhungu monga zoyenda mawonekedwe.Zimakhala ndi magawo awiri: njira yotumizira ndi mphete ya tinthu tating'onoting'ono.Chikombole cha mphete ndi chodzigudubuza ndi zigawo ziwiri zazikulu za makina a ring mold pellet, okhala ndi mabowo ambiri opangira nkhungu omwe amagawidwa mozungulira nkhungu ya mphete, ndipo chowongolera chopondera chimayikidwa mkati mwa nkhungu ya mphete.Choponderetsa cholumikizira chimalumikizidwa ndi spindle yotumizira, ndipo nkhungu ya mphete imayikidwa pa bulaketi yokhazikika.Pamene spindle izungulira, imayendetsa chopondera kuti chizizungulira.Mfundo yogwirira ntchito: Choyamba, njira yotumizira imanyamula zinthu zosweka za biomass kukhala tinthu tating'ono (3-5mm) kupita kuchipinda chopondera.Kenako, injiniyo imayendetsa shaft yayikulu kuti iyendetse chopukutira kuti chizungulire, ndipo chowongolera chopondera chimayenda mothamanga kwambiri kuti chigawanitse zinthuzo pakati pa chopukutira ndi nkhungu ya mphete, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nkhungu ya mpheteyo ipanikizike ndi kukangana ndi zinthuzo. , chopukutira chopondereza ndi zinthu, ndi zinthu zomwe zili ndi zinthu.Pa ndondomeko kufinya kukangana, mapadi ndi hemicellulose mu zinthu kuphatikiza wina ndi mzake.Panthawi imodzimodziyo, kutentha komwe kumabwera chifukwa cha kukangana kumafewetsa lignin kukhala chomangira chachilengedwe, chomwe chimapangitsa cellulose, hemicellulose, ndi zigawo zina kuti zigwirizane kwambiri.Ndi kudzazidwa kosalekeza kwa zida za biomass, kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zimapanikizidwa ndi kukangana m'mabowo opangira nkhungu kukukulirakulira.Panthawi imodzimodziyo, mphamvu yofinya pakati pa zotsalira zazomera zikupitirizabe kuwonjezeka, ndipo mosalekeza zimakhala zovuta komanso zimakhala mu dzenje lopangira.Pamene kuthamanga kwa extrusion kuli kwakukulu kuposa mphamvu yomenyana, zotsalira zazomera zimatulutsidwa mosalekeza kuchokera kumabowo ozungulira kuzungulira nkhungu ya mphete, kupanga mafuta opangira mafuta ndi kachulukidwe akamaumba pafupifupi 1g/Cm3.
1.2 Kuvala Zopangira Ma Molds:Kutulutsa kwa makina amodzi pamakina a pellet ndi akulu, okhala ndi digirii yayikulu yodzichitira komanso kusinthasintha kwamphamvu kuzinthu zopangira.Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pokonza zopangira zosiyanasiyana zopangira ma biomass, oyenera kupanga mafuta ambiri opangira mafuta, ndikukwaniritsa zofunikira zakukula kwa biomass wandiweyani kupanga mafakitale amafuta m'tsogolomu.Choncho, mphete nkhungu pellet makina chimagwiritsidwa ntchito.Chifukwa cha kupezeka kwa mchenga wocheperako ndi zonyansa zina zomwe sizikhala ndi biomass muzinthu za biomass zomwe zakonzedwa, zitha kuyambitsa kuwonongeka kwakukulu pa nkhungu ya mphete ya makina a pellet.Moyo wautumiki wa nkhungu ya mphete umawerengedwa kutengera mphamvu yopangira.Pakadali pano, moyo wautumiki wa nkhungu ya mphete ku China ndi 100-1000t yokha.
Kulephera kwa nkhungu ya mphete makamaka kumachitika muzochitika zinayi zotsatirazi: ① Pambuyo pa nkhungu ya mphete ikugwira ntchito kwa nthawi, khoma lamkati la bowo lopanga nkhungu limavala ndipo kabowo kamawonjezeka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mafuta apangidwe;② Malo otsetsereka a dzenje lakufa la nkhungu ya mphete yatha, zomwe zimapangitsa kuchepa kwa zinthu zotsalira zomwe zimakanikizidwa mu dzenje lakufa, kuchepa kwa mphamvu ya extrusion, komanso kutsekeka kosavuta kwa dzenje lopanga kufa, zomwe zimapangitsa kulephera kwa nkhungu ya mphete (Chithunzi 2);③ Pambuyo zida zamkati khoma ndikuchepetsa kwambiri kukhetsa kuchuluka (Chithunzi 3);
④ Pambuyo pa kuvala kwa dzenje lamkati la nkhungu ya mphete, makulidwe a khoma pakati pa zidutswa zoyandikana ndi nkhungu L zimakhala zowonda, zomwe zimapangitsa kuchepa kwa mphamvu zamapangidwe a nkhungu ya mphete.Ming'alu imatha kuchitika m'gawo lowopsa kwambiri, ndipo ming'alu ikapitilira kukula, chodabwitsa cha kuphulika kwa nkhungu ya mphete kumachitika.Chifukwa chachikulu cha kuvala kosavuta ndi moyo waufupi wautumiki wa nkhungu ya mphete ndi mawonekedwe osamveka a nkhungu yopangira mphete (mphete ya mphete imaphatikizidwa ndi mabowo opangira nkhungu).Mapangidwe ophatikizika a awiriwa amakhala ndi zotsatirazi: nthawi zina pomwe mabowo ochepa okha a nkhungu ya nkhungu amatha kutha ndipo sangathe kugwira ntchito, nkhungu yonse ya mphete iyenera kusinthidwa, zomwe sizimangobweretsa zovuta m'malo mwake, komanso zimabweretsa kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwachuma ndikuwonjezera ndalama zosamalira.
1.3 Kapangidwe Kabwino Kapangidwe Kopanga NkhunguPofuna kukulitsa moyo wautumiki wa nkhungu ya mphete ya makina a pellet, kuchepetsa kuvala, kuwongolera m'malo, ndikuchepetsa mtengo wokonza, ndikofunikira kupanga kapangidwe katsopano kapangidwe ka nkhungu ya mphete.Chikombole chophatikizika chopangidwacho chinagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga, ndipo mawonekedwe a chipinda choponderezedwa bwino akuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 4. Chithunzi 5 chikuwonetsa mawonekedwe apakati a nkhungu yowongoka bwino.
Kapangidwe kabwino kameneka kamayang'ana kwambiri makina opangira ma ring mold particle omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe oyenda amphamvu odzigudubuza komanso nkhungu ya mphete.Chikombole cham'munsi cha mphete chimakhazikika pa thupi, ndipo zodzigudubuza ziwirizi zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi shaft yaikulu kupyolera mu mbale yolumikizira.Chikombole chopangacho chimayikidwa pa nkhungu yakumunsi ya mphete (pogwiritsa ntchito zosokoneza), ndipo nkhungu ya mphete yapamwamba imayikidwa pa nkhungu yapansi ya mphete kupyolera muzitsulo ndikumangirira pa nkhungu.Pa nthawi yomweyi, pofuna kuteteza nkhungu kuti zisabwererenso chifukwa cha kukakamiza pambuyo poti wodzigudubuza akugwedezeka ndikuyenda mozungulira mozungulira nkhungu ya mphete, zomangira za countersunk zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza nkhungu zopangira mphete zapamwamba ndi zapansi motsatira.Pofuna kuchepetsa kukana kwa zinthu zomwe zimalowa mu dzenje ndikupangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kulowa mu dzenje la nkhungu.Mphepete mwa dzenje lodyera la nkhungu yopangidwa ndi 60 ° mpaka 120 °.
Mapangidwe opangidwa bwino a nkhungu yopangidwira amakhala ndi mawonekedwe amitundu yambiri komanso moyo wautali wautumiki.Makina a tinthu akamagwira ntchito kwakanthawi, kutayika kwamphamvu kumapangitsa kuti kabowo ka nkhungu kakhale kokulirapo komanso kodutsa.Pamene ankavala kupanga nkhungu amachotsedwa ndi kukodzedwa, angagwiritsidwe ntchito kupanga zina specifications kupanga particles.Izi zitha kukwaniritsa kugwiritsanso ntchito nkhungu ndikusunga ndalama zolipirira.
Pofuna kukulitsa moyo wautumiki wa granulator ndikuchepetsa ndalama zopangira, chowongolera chopondera chimatenga chitsulo chokwera kwambiri cha manganese chokhala ndi kukana kwabwino, monga 65Mn.Chojambulacho chiyenera kupangidwa ndi alloy carburized steel kapena low carbon nickel chromium alloy, monga momwe zilili ndi Cr, Mn, Ti, etc. ntchito ndi yaing'ono poyerekeza ndi kupanga nkhungu.Choncho, wamba mpweya zitsulo, monga 45 zitsulo, angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati zinthu psinjika chipinda.Poyerekeza ndi miyambo Integrated kupanga nkhungu mphete, akhoza kuchepetsa ntchito mtengo aloyi zitsulo, potero kuchepetsa mtengo kupanga.
2. Kusanthula kwamakina akupanga nkhungu yamakina a mphete ya pellet pakugwira ntchito yopanga nkhungu.
Pakapangidwe kameneka, lignin muzinthuzo amafewetsa kwathunthu chifukwa cha kupanikizika kwambiri komanso kutentha kwambiri komwe kumapangidwa mu nkhungu yowumba.Pamene kuthamanga kwa extrusion sikukuwonjezeka, zinthuzo zimakhala ndi plasticization.Zinthuzi zimayenda bwino pambuyo pa pulasitiki, kotero kutalika kwake kumatha kukhazikitsidwa d.Kupanga nkhungu kumawonedwa ngati chotengera chokakamiza, ndipo kupsinjika kwa nkhungu yopanga kumakhala kosavuta.
Kupyolera mu kusanthula kwa mawerengedwe opangidwa pamwambawa, tingathe kunena kuti kuti tipeze kupanikizika nthawi iliyonse mkati mwa nkhungu yopangira, m'pofunika kudziwa zovuta zozungulira panthawiyo mkati mwa nkhungu yopangira.Kenako, mphamvu yolimbana ndi kupanikizika pamalopo imatha kuwerengedwa.
3. Mapeto
Nkhaniyi ikupereka njira yatsopano yosinthira kapangidwe ka nkhungu ya mphete ya pelletizer.Kugwiritsa ntchito nkhungu zophatikizika kumatha kuchepetsa kutha kwa nkhungu, kukulitsa moyo wozungulira nkhungu, kumathandizira kusintha ndi kukonza, komanso kuchepetsa ndalama zopangira.Panthawi imodzimodziyo, kusanthula kwamakina kunkachitika pakupanga nkhungu panthawi yogwira ntchito, kupereka maziko ongopeka kuti apitirize kufufuza m'tsogolomu.
Nthawi yotumiza: Feb-22-2024